中国环境管理干部学院教师健康现状的动态分析

主要采用调查法、访问法等，对中国环境管理干部学院教师健康现状进行了调查研究，并根据教师每周参加体育活动情况，教师经常参加体育活动内容及地点，教师的闲暇时间与体育支出，学院教师体检等情况，建议我院教师注重身体健康，增强健身意识，建议学院为教职工的健康工作和生活创造健身条件和环境。     

“5·12”汶川地震灾区典型区域生态环境状况影响评价

“5·12”汶川特大地震发生后。带来的植被破坏、水土流失、次生地质灾害等，给灾区生态环境造成了极大的影响。本文重点以汶川县作为典型区域，运用“3S”技术，通过对汶川县震前、震后的生态环境状况及其变化情况进行定量评价。分析“5·12”大地震对龙门山区生态环境的影响，以期为区域灾后重建提供参考。     

基于金相分析技术的煤矿火灾事故调查试验研究

通过对矿井火灾现场特性的分析,根据金属材料的特点,提出利用金相鉴定技术进行矿井火灾事故调查的新方法,试验测定得出高温作用下40号钢和铸铁的金相组织和硬度的动态变化规律。试验结果表明,不同加热温度条件下,40号钢冷却后具有不同的金相组织,其硬度随受热温度的升高迅速下降;在相同加热温度不同受热时间条件下,40号钢的金相组织与硬度变化不明显。铸铁的硬度随加热时间的增加呈下降趋势,其金相组织也有较明显的区别。根据矿井火灾后降温较为缓慢的特点,提出灰口铸铁与白口铸铁相互转变的方向性。因此,矿井火灾事故调查可以对受到火灾破坏的金属构件的金相组织的观察和硬度测定,来"反推"出该部位在火灾时曾受过的最高温度以及持续时间,从而可推断火灾的蔓延情况,为认定起火原因和起火位置提供技术支持。     

我国的农业面源污染及改善对策探讨

阐述了农业面源污染的主要来源及危害,指出农业面源污染是当前农业可持续发展的主要障碍之一。由于我国农村过量和不合理地使用农药、化肥、地膜等,造成了农业面源不同程度的污染,给农业生产和农民生活带来了隐患,直接关系到农业可持续发展,应该采取有效措施加以解决。     

北京入境旅游流西向扩散与省域经济联系研究——以西部三大典型区为例

北京是我国经济、政治和文化中心,也是我国最重要的入境口岸之一。入京旅游流西向的扩散转移对省域之间旅游经济联系强度具有极大的直接促进作用,转移态是反映旅游流流向和流量的重要指标。在对我国西部三大典型旅游区界定的基础上,利用转移态指数模型和旅游经济联系强度模型对入京旅游流向西转移态及其与西部三大典型旅游区的经济联系强度进行了相关性分析,得出入京旅游流西向转移态对西部典型区经济的影响程度为:成渝泛西安云贵,在此基础上分析了原因,并对西部三大典型旅游区如何更好地吸引北京入境旅游"二手客源",以促进旅游业更快发展提出了相应对策与建议。     

乌鲁木齐市噪声监测现状、问题及对策

简要介绍了乌鲁木齐市噪声环境监测工作的现状,在主城区选择了具有代表意义的点位,采用"定点监测法"与"普查监测法"进行监测,对影响乌鲁木齐市声环境质量的生活噪声、交通噪声、工业噪声和建筑施工噪声做了定点或连续(24h在线)监测。就存在的问题做了分析探讨,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期为进一步改进乌鲁木齐市噪声监测和管理提供参考。     

Modeling the chemical and toxic water status of the Scheldt basin (Belgium), using aquatic invertebrate assemblages and an advanced modeling method

Self-Organizing Maps have been used on monitoring sites in several Scheldt sub-basins to identify the main aquatic invertebrate assemblages and relate them to the physico-chemical and toxic water status. 12 physico-chemical variables and 2 estimates of toxic risk were available for a dataset made up of a total of 489 records. Two of the five defining clusters reflecting a relatively clean environment were composed by very well diversified functional feeding groups and sensitive taxa. The cleanest assemblage was mainly linked to the sites from the Nete sub-basin. The three other clusters were inversely described with a dominance of oligochaetes and deposit feeders as well as a bad water quality.Such an analysis can be used to support ecological status assessment of rivers and thus might be useful for decision-makers in the evaluation of chemical and toxic water status, as required by the EU Water Framework Directive.     

Assessing water use and quality through youth participatory research in a rural Andean watershed

Water availability, use and quality in a rural watershed of the Colombian Andes were investigated through participatory research involving local youth. Research included the quantification of disaggregated water use at the household level; comparison of water use with availability; monitoring water quality of streams, community water intakes and household faucets; and the determination of land use – water quality interactions. Youth were involved in all aspects of the research from design to implementation, dissemination of results and remediation options. Quantification of domestic and on-farm water use, and water availability indicated that water availability was sufficient during the study period, but that only an 8% decrease in dry season supply would result in shortages. Elevated conductivity levels in the headwaters were related to “natural” bank erosion, while downstream high conductivity and coliform levels were associated with discharges from livestock stalls and poorly maintained septic tanks in the stream buffer zone. Through the involvement of youth as co-investigators, the knowledge generated by the research was appropriated at the local level. Community workshops led by local youth promoted water conservation and water quality protection practices based on research, and resulted in broader community participation in water management. The approach involving youth in research stimulated improved management of both land and water resources, and could be applied in small rural watersheds in developed or developing countries.     

水生植物修复氮、磷污染水体研究进展

氮、磷是引起水体富营养化、导致水质恶化的重要因素,因此去除氮、磷一直是污水处理的重要任务.鉴于传统物理、化学方法存在的操作难、成本高、易产生二次污染等问题,人们越来越多地将目光转向利用水生植物去除氮、磷营养物质、净化水质上.介绍了近年来国内外应用水生植物修复氮、磷污染水体的方法、效果及其影响因素,探讨了水生植物净化污染水体的机制.针对目前研究中的不足,提出今后应在不同植物种类开发、植物组合优化以及植物的净化机制等方面加强研究.     

气候变化经济学研究综述

对近10 a来国内外有关气候变化经济学研究成果作了综述。气候变化经济学是一门研究人类干预气候变化过程中涉及经济过程的学科。当前的研究热点包括气候变化的经济影响、适应措施的成本和收益、国际合作机制和涉及代际公平的折现率选取。 在研究方法上，对得到广泛运用的成本收益分析法和碳税机制作了详细的评述。在应用层面上，欧美发达国家在城市气候变化经济评估系统建立和碳税征收方面都有成功的应用，但我国在这方面的实践还处于起步阶段。对于我国气候变化经济学领域的研究来说，比较适合在发达省份以市域或省域为单位开展成本收益评估，发展中省份则应将更多关注放在评估气候变化可能造成的经济损害及相应的防范措施。此外，我国也应关注在欧盟地区实施较为成功的碳税政策，虽然目前在中国开征碳税的可能性较低，但是对碳税在中国实施的可行性、税率选取及立法保障机制等方面的探讨和研究仍是必要的